Cartogram

A cartogram is a map in which some thematic mapping variable – such as travel time or Gross National Product – is substituted for land area. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. There are two main types of cartograms: area and distance cartograms. This cartogram shows Open Europe estimate of total European Union net budget expenditure in euros for the whole period 2007-2013 per capita, based on Eurostat 2007 population estimates.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EU_net_budget_2007-2013_per_capita_cartogram.png

A statistical map gives a standard statistic of the functional time course over a specified set of periods. This map shows the percentage increase in Internet usage in Africa in the mid 1990’s. The red bars show places where usage has decreased, while light purple shows new usage and aqua shows a high percentage of usage.

http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/m.dodge/cybergeography/atlas/census.html

Flow map

Flow maps are a mix of maps and flow charts, that show the movement of objects from one location to another, such as the number of people in a migration, the amount of goods being traded, or the number of packets in a network. In this map, showing the tracking of the West Nile Virus, the virus was tracked back to originating in the Michigan area and is the highest state due to the higher number of confirmed cases. Following the map outward form the Mississippi River, the colors show their proximity to the river while their height shows the number of confirmed cases.

http://www.mpassociates.gr/software/distrib/science/golden/mapviewer7.html

Choropleth map

A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income. This map shows the different margins of victory during the 2002 US elections. The red states and all shades of red are the republican states and the blue states and all shades of blue are the democratic states. The different percentages are expressed as different shades of the principle color.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2004US_election_map.svg

Dot distribution map

Dot distribution maps are used to show populations. In this map it shows the distribution of vascular plants in Europe. The red, orange, & yellow dots show a higher concentration of vascular plants, primarily in southwestern Europe.

www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/.../IDB/afe.html

Hypsometric map

Hypsometric maps represent the elevation of the terrain with colors. The area between two neighboring contour lines receives one specific tint. In this map of Tajikistan, the darker the color the higher the elevation.

http://www.rrcap.unep.org/centralasia/reapreport/map.cfm

Propaganda map

Propaganda maps are used to persuade people to think one way or another. This map of Europe was used by the government (pre-Nazis) to show the military how to see agricultural production in terms of a battle of production between Germany and the rest of Europe and between German farmers.

http://comenius.susqu.edu/hist/390/w2/Papers/Research/researchvanorden.htm

Bivariate choropleth map

Bivariate choropleth maps display two different variables displayed on one map by including two different sets of graphic symbols or colors. Here is a map depicting Olympic athletes.

http://www.directionsmag.com/images/articles/sportsillustrated/Olympic_Athletes.jpg

PLSS map

PLSS (Public Land Survey System) maps are used to divide up public lands which are owned by the Federal Government. These are created to help the citizens of the United States. Since these surveys were completed many changes have occured in regards to public lands being now privately owned and vice versa.

http://gis.nwcg.gov/giss_2006/job_aids/maps_and_graphics/USA_PLSS_Meridians_map.jpg

Unstandardized choropleth

Unstandardized choropleth maps utilize raw numbers when displayed. In the map displayed the data displayed is not averaged.
http://www.smri.nl/gfx/ajp2002graph.gif

Unclassed choropleth maps

This technique assigns shadings proportional to the data values so that these choropleth maps do not have to classify the data. This method of mapping has not been generally accepted because many cartographers claim that they lose the ability to direct the message of communication.

http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/visual/casestud/dykes/figure11.gif

Classed Choropleth Map

A classed choropleth map uses colors and shading to prove the specific data on the map. This map shows the spending by overseas residents in millions. Each color shade stands for a specific amount group.
http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/Info.do?page=userguide/detailedguidance/statisticalpresentation/statisticalmaps/best-practice-statistical-maps.html

range graded proportional circle map

A range graded proportional circle map is a proportional circle map that depicts the circles in relation to ranges of data. The information is classified as equal quantities, breaks, natural breaks,
and minimum variance.

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-004-03/